Social Welfare Policies During The Transition Countries Of...

Since graduation from National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, I have gained considerable research experience in Public finance and management. Specifically, I am interested in study of social welfare policies in transition countries of central Asia. I am concerned with the status of vulnerable groups of population-particularly, the aged, women, children, the disabled, and the poor. In most transition countries, the political and economic collapse of 90s had the devastating effects on the certain groups of population. The sharp decline in size of the government has greatly affected and in some sense triggered the transformation of the scope of social welfare policies. Most Eastern and Central European countries have diminished the scope social welfare policies in harmonized and planned way. Instead of diluting the resources and efforts on multiple goals and supporting them in a sickly manner they focused on a selected public products, projects and programs. Subsequently, quality of social welfare programs has not suffered much. In contrast, governments across Central Asia cut the public expenditures on social welfare in incoherent manner. Half-financed public health care and pension systems, child care and early education institutions, unemployment and disability subsidies have barely survived. Besides, economic reforms in these countries proceeded with much greater hardships; consequently, benefit payments have been negligible and social welfare policy in mostShow MoreRelated International Relations of Asia Essay4776 Words   |  20 Pages International Relations of Asia STRATEGIC GEOMETRY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is the only region in the world where so many combinations and permutations of two- three and four- and even two plus four or three plus three- power games can be played on the regional chessboard with all their complexities and variations. introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concept of strategic geometry comprises the notion that that the interactions and interconnections between a number of political actors within a particular systemRead MoreEssay on Capitalism Vs. Socialism1805 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween countries and regions before and after the advent of capitalism in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Europe as well as a comparison of Cuba and the ex-communist countries provide us with an adequate basis to draw some definitive conclusions. Fifteen years of transition to capitalism is more than adequate time to judge the performance and impact of capitalist politicians, privatizations, free market policies and other restoration measures on the economy, society and general welfare of theRead MoreModernization Theory Of India s Democracy1722 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered a deviant case because it only recently began to see notable economic development, and for most of the twentieth century the country was profound poor. Looking through the modernization theory it would lead us to believe that India was ruled by an authoritarian regime due to their poor economics. Because they defy this be lief and have been a democratic country for a prolonged time it is evident that India does not conform to the modernization theory. India’s democracy emerged amidst severeRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Anz Bank1366 Words   |  6 PagesBank) was first opened as Bank of Australia in Sydney in 1835. It then established an office in Melbourne in 1838 which is where its current headquarters is located. ANZ operates in 33 markets globally with representation in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, Pacific, Europe, America and the Middle East. ANZ is the 3rd largest bank in Australia, the largest banking group in New Zealand and Pacific, and among the top 20 banks in the world. It provides a range of banking and financial products and servicesRead MoreUrban Poverty in China1798 Words   |  8 PagesOver the past two decades, China has experienced rapid economic growth, which has also brought about a rise in social and economic inequality. A nation that once operated under the principle of eg alitarianism, China now struggles with a level of inequality that has surpassed most of its East Asia neighbours. In the 1980’s, poverty was a problem restricted mainly to rural areas, but recently it has forayed into urban areas as well. Since the mid-1990’s, urban poverty has grown at a very fast paceRead MoreEuropean Union : A Common Currency, The, And The Migrant Crisis From The Middle East1749 Words   |  7 Pagessituation. Overall, the slowing or non-existent growth in some of these countries has made the experts to opine that there are systematic obstacles to the industry in these countries. Due to various stifling regulations, bureaucracy, and welfare’s labour laws, setting up a business is very hard in the countries that are suffering now2. The situation is also made worst especially when the labour market in the developing economies of Asia and Latin America in terms of cost-competitiveness, thus driving awayRead MoreChanges Within Urban Chinese Life style Over The Last Thirty Years Essay3398 Words   |  14 Pagesby the changes in the Chinese state policy. The people Republic of China (PRC) has undergone a number of significant changes in policy and ideology during the course of its Communist leadership, and the economic transformation it has experience represents arguably the most significant revolution in its modern history. The changes in China’s economy can be traced to between 1976 to 1978, when the Cultural Revolution had effectively ended and widespread social, economic, and political conflict thatRead MoreIdeas of the Korean Unification Essay2611 Words   |  11 Pagessimilarities and differences between the situation in Germany and Korea. To do this I look at the state of the economies, recommendations toward policy, the need for international support as well as possibilities on how to organize the transition. If the Republic of Korea and the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea are to merge as one united country, several factors will need to be taken into question. I hope to bring light on what it might take in order for this to happen. With the end ofRead MoreHow Globalization Has Consequences For Intergovernmental Relations3407 Words   |  14 Pagesstructures, which concentrate on the central state or probe state-society relations. Their scrutiny of relations within states provides much room for perfection, and they have only begun to value the potential of local governments to promote economic development. The aim of this paper is to explain how globalization has consequences for intergovernmental relations. China and India are analyzed as examples of how globalization affects economy, culture, and policy. Globalization is anRead MoreFdi Impact to China Economy2583 Words   |  11 PagesManagement Systems, 2 nd Edition: Thomson, Chapter 20 3. Tony Edwards Chris Rees, (2006) International Human Resource Management: Prentice Hall Chapter 5 7 4. K.C. Fung, Hitomi Iizaka, Sarah Tong. 2002. ‘Foreign Direct Investment in China: Policy, Trend and Impact’, paper prepared for an international conference on â€Å"China’s Economy in the 21st Century† to be held on June 24-25, 2002, Hong Kong. 1. Introduction Foreign direct investment (FDI) in China has brought great benefits both

Athenian Women The Ancient City State Of Athens Essay

Athenian Women: The ancient city-state of Athens, spawned many of the essential ingredients of modern civilization--democracy, philosophy, science, and drama. However despite these aspects, Athens like many other civilizations throughout history, was dominated by men. Although the role of women in Athens is highly controversial, the examination of Athenian laws, philosophical and moral writings, and information about the conditions of daily life and the organization of society, reveals women were excluded from many aspects of public and private life. While men held a monopoly on every aspect of daily life, women remained secluded in the sphere of domestication. The primary role of free women in Athens was to marry and bear children. Athenian women, often married young, usually between the ages of twelve and eighteen, while husbands were often thirty years or older, when they were married. Marriages, unlike in other greek-city states, were highly emphasized in Athens, due to the economic and social rewards gained through beneficial unions. Women, particularly those belonging to the aristocracy, often had no choice of who they married, having their closest male relative choose the most beneficial partner. Similar to many other cultures, Athenian women married with a dowry, which was controlled by a male relative. â€Å"At marriage a woman became the legal dependent on her husband, having the the same (and no more) rights as the children she would produce.† (Backman, 112) If aShow MoreRelatedAthens And Sparta Vs. Sparta883 Words   |  4 PagesIn ancient Greece there were two major polises which allowed the Greek culture to achieve greatness during the 400-500 B.C.E. era. These two polises were Athens and Sparta; both city states differed in many ways before the start of the Persian War. There were low rugged mountains that separated these two city states so communication and travel were difficult. The government of these two city states can be seen as a primary difference between the two. Draco, Solon, Pisistratus, and Cleithenes wereRead MoreAthens vs. Sparta1146 Words   |  5 PagesDanielle Palawasta Athens vs. Sparta Persuasive Research Paper Henry/Lih- LA/SS- Per. 3/7 Due: 3/22/13 Envision a world where the people are ravenous and yearning for any remnant of food they could obtain, where the society is overrun and no one has a free say. This is the type of society the ancient Spartans would have lived like unlike the ancient Athenians. The Athenians lived a far more diverse life if compared to Sparta. Ancient Athens was better to live in than ancient Sparta due to itsRead MoreAthens †¦Democracy Realized?. . . Gregory R. Bowen. History1656 Words   |  7 Pages Athens †¦Democracy Realized? Gregory R. Bowen History 2321: World Civilizations II Feb 20, 2017 The Athenians’ of classical Greece are given credit for being the originators of the democratic model †¦giving inspiration to all future attempts at this system of government. While it was practiced as a direct democracy, with all eligible citizens having the right to vote, the question of just how democratic it really was, must be asked. Who was eligible to vote and participate in politicalRead More Athens-Greece Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesAthens - Greece nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the fifth century of Ancient Greece the city-states of Athens and Sparta represented two very different forms of living. Spartans directed their time towards their military capabilities while the Athenians were interested in comfort and culture. Sparta’s and Athens’ political and environmental differences along with their different views on women caused the two city-states to be very dissimilar. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Two major formsRead MoreAncient Athens: The Prototype for Western Democracy Essays1264 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Athens serves as a beacon within Western antiquity as the center for culture with its cultural advancements impacting the culture of today. Founded nearly 9,000 years ago, Athens formed itself as the center of Greek culture and education during the classical period. Considered the prototype for Western Democracy, it allowed for the rise of a citizenship of voters, something unique in the ancient world. The Athenian love of physical activity culminated in the Olympics, an event that thoughRead MoreAthens And Sparta From The Most Influential City States Of Greece Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages Athens and Sparta were two of the most influential city-states of Greece. The daily life of both city-states varied greatly depending on which perspective you are viewing it from. Within this post I will visit the perspectives of men, woman and children of both city-states. Depending on which city-state you were born into could ultimately become an instant life or death decision. In Sparta and Athens, life began as a challenge. After birth it is said that Spartan infants were taken by the eldersRead MoreWomen During The Ancient World1206 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the ancient world women possessed few rights and privileges. A woman’s freedom varied depending on where she was born, in this case Athens and Sparta. But it can be said that most women were second-class citizens during this time period. Most women had limited social roles, little education, and no involvement in politics. Power and freedom was something that only existed in a man’s world, while women were expected to be submissive, docile, bear children, and take care of the householdRead MoreAthens vs. Sparta Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesAthens vs. Sparta During the times of Ancient Greece, two major forms of government existed, democracy and oligarchy. The city-states of Athens and Sparta are the best representatives of democracy and oligarchy, respectively. The focus of the times was directed towards military capabilities, while the Athenians were more interested in comfort and culture. It was the oligarchy in Sparta that put a war-like attitude as its first priority and best met the needs of Ancient Greece. These factorsRead MoreAthenians and Spartans : Difference in Values1369 Words   |  6 PagesHow and why did the values of Athenians differ from that of the Spartans? Ancient Greece provided the rudiments of Western civilisation; it has had a colossal influence on language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, science, and arts. In the following several pages I hope to demonstrate explicitly, the bold differences between the two provinces, and to suggest the relativity, of Ancient Greece conventions, to modern times. In doing this I will bring upon wars, economic stances, and most

Entrepreneurial Leadership for Managers

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurial Leadership for Managers. Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurial Leadership The concept of entrepreneurial leadership can be defined as a leadership style that is different than the traditional leadership style and focuses on the effective utilization of the skills of the individuals in the workplace of the organization to achieve the organizational objectives and vision. The entrepreneurial leadership style is different than the traditional leadership styles in a number of ways, which allow it to have more effectiveness in the workplace of any organization. The entrepreneurial leadership style can be implemented in the workplace of any organization, not just the startups or small organizations. There are a number of situations in which entrepreneurial leadership is more effective than the other forms of leaderships, some of which are mentioned below. Continuous Improvement The continuous improvement of the products and services provided by the organization allows the organization to maintain the high performance in the corresponding industry. The process of continuous improvement is achieved through the effective identification and fix of various gaps in the business processes of the organization. In such a scenario, the entrepreneurial leadership allows the business model or the individuals in the workplace to identify and fix the process gaps more effectively (Renko, 2015). Adapting to Changes The organizations operating in various industries need to adapt to various changes in the market in order to maintain their performance in the corresponding market. The entrepreneurial leadership style allows the individuals in the workplace of the organization along with the business model to be adaptive to all of these changes in the market, which in turn allows the organization to maintain its high performance in the corresponding industry. Enhancement of Innovation The enhancement of innovation in the business model of the organization allows the organization to have competitive advantage over the other organizations. The entrepreneurial leadership style allows the business model of the organization to redefine innovation along with the effective implementation of various innovative solutions (Koryak, 2015). New Ventures When the organization is starting a new venture or a new initiative to include a number of new business processes in the business model, the entrepreneurial leadership style allows an effective way of handling this integration. So the new ventures of an organization in the corresponding industry and market are managed and integrated with the existing business model of the organization through effective entrepreneurial leadership in the workplace. Maintaining High Motivation The entrepreneurial leadership style allows the management of the organization to maintain the high motivation of the employees in the workplace of the organization. The entrepreneurial leadership style has been proved to be more effective in increasing the motivation of the employees in the workplace and allows the organization to go ahead in the direction of achieving the organizational objectives (Pavur, 2012). Work Flexibility The entrepreneurial leadership style is proved to be more effective in maintaining the work flexibility in the workplace of the organization. The entrepreneurial leadership allows the employees to have effective flexibility in the workplace of the organization, which in turn increases the productivity of the organization along with the individuals in the workplace (Kansikas, 2012). References Kansikas, J., Laakkonen, A., Sarpo, V. and Kontinen, T., 2012. Entrepreneurial leadership and familiness as resources for strategic entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 18(2), pp.141-158. Koryak, O., Mole, K.F., Lockett, A., Hayton, J.C., Ucbasaran, D. and Hodgkinson, G.P., 2015. Entrepreneurial leadership, capabilities and firm growth. International Small Business Journal, 33(1), pp.89-105. Pavur Jr, E.J., 2012. Leadership for managers. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 15(4), pp.269-274. Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A.L. and Brnnback, M., 2015. Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), pp.54-74.

Political Science Essay free essay sample

Mercado, Emily Political Science Professor Stripe May 2, 2014 Three Words that Moved a Nation This paper will analyze the political ad titled Yes We Can. The ad aired during the 2008 presidential campaign, Barack Obama vs.. John McCain. This paper will first describe the political context of the ad, second describe the ad itself, and finally make an argument about why the ad was effective. This ad was effective and has become famous because of the use and continuous repetition of these three simple words that can inspire a generation, unite a immunity, and move a nation: yes we can. Throughout time this slogan has served as a symbol Of hope to the people, and empowerment. It conjures up images of a multitude of human rights movements, and has transcended cultural differences. The use of yes we can in the ad inspires people to make a difference like those who have come before them, and they can do so by voting for Obama whom is a symbol of change. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Science Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The political context of the ad was influenced by many different elements during its making. When the ad aired in 2008 during Beams campaign against Republican John McCain it was an immediate success.It supported Barack Obama, one of the leading Democratic candidates for the 2008 IIS Presidency, who promises a new beginning to the American people. His platform rests upon tremendous change in the United States and upon the establishment of a new path for the American government, such as ending the war in Iraq, enacting a universal health care bill, and being pro-choice. As the next American president, he promises hope for a better future. Most of Beams campaign ads, such as Yes We Can put emphasis on just that. They displayed him as a trustworthy leader who the people of United States could rely on.Though there were also a number of attack ads whose main goal was to link McCain with former Republican president George Bush, who has low approval ratings. The attack ads were very successful in hurting Moccasins campaign that was trying to display him as a nonconformist. Moccasins platform was much less liberal than Beams. His platform consisted of things such as not withdrawing from the war in Iraq until they are capable of self- governing themselves, pro-life, and stronger border control. His ads, unlike Beams, were mainly attack ads on Obama.They suggested Obama was more of a celebrity figure than a leader, in favor of higher taxes, and that we didnt know enough about him to trust him as our president. 80th of the candidates had different opinions on the major political issues and concerns of the 2008 campaign, which were the economy, the energy crisis, health care, education, and the war in Iraq and terrorism. The artist Will. i. Am created the song, as well as the black and white music video entitled, Yes We Can. The lyrics come directly from the famous incision speech given by Obama after losing the New Hampshire primary to Hilary Clinton. Celebrities, comedians, musicians, actors and actresses, and even models are featured in the song and video and sing along with Obama as he speaks. This technique creates a parallel of two or more voices reciting the same words at certain points in the song. These voices come in as split screens with vertical breaks between each person in the video and they come in and go out frequently. Sometimes up to three people are featured and sometimes only just one. Obama is sometimes not featured visually, but his voice and words always are throughout the piece.The last voice is that of sound recordings of the crowd during the actual speech, their lyrics being yes we can, and we want change. This shows the diversity and range of talented people featured in the video. This large group is never shown together all at once, but instead individually within a frame. The only instruments used in this song are guitar, voice, and piano. The video ends with the words hope, which appears in white bold letters, and then the red teeters V and T replace the H and P in hope to spell out the word VOTE. Then the whole word vote changes font to the color red, and the video ends. The ads overall message is that we as a people have fought for change in the past, and no matter where we came from or what we look like we are all equals in the government. As long as we believe that we can then we will, but it is up to us to make the first steps towards change. Obama symbolizes hope for a better future; therefore it is up to us a people to take a stand and vote for change, vote for Obama for president.

Berkeley Academic Calendar 2017-2018 Essays

Berkeley Academic Calendar 2017-2018 Essays Berkeley Academic Calendar 2017-2018 Paper Berkeley Academic Calendar 2017-2018 Paper Essay Topic: Academic Fall Semester 2017 Event Date Fall Semester Begins Wednesday, August 16, 2017 Instruction Begins Wednesday, August 23, 2017 Academic Administrative Holiday (Labor Day) Monday, September 4, 2017 Academic Administrative Holiday (Veterans Day) Friday, November 10, 2017 Non-Instructional Day Wednesday, November 22, 2017 Academic Administrative Holiday (Thanksgiving) Thursday, November 23 Friday, November 24, 2017 Classes End Friday, December 1, 2017 Reading/Review/Recitation Week Monday, December 4–Friday, December 8, 2017 Last Day of Instruction Friday, December 8, 2017 Final Examinations Monday, December 11–Friday, December 15, 2017 Fall Semester Ends Friday, December 15, 2017 Winter Commencement Sunday, December 17, 2017 Academic Administrative Holidays (Winter Holidays) Monday, December 25 Tuesday, December 26, 2017 Academic Administrative Holiday (New Years) Friday, December 29, 2017 Monday, January 1, 2018 Spring Semester 2018 Event Date Spring Semester Begins Tuesday, January 9, 2018 Academic Administrative Holiday (Martin Luther King, Jr. Day) Monday, January 15, 2018 Instruction Begins Tuesday, January 16, 2018 Academic Administrative Holiday (Presidents Day) Monday, February 19, 2018 Spring Recess Monday, March 26–Friday, March 30, 2018 Academic Administrative Holiday (Cesar Chavez Day) Friday, March 30, 2018 Cal Day To Be Determined, http://calday.berkeley.edu/ Classes End Friday, April 27, 2018 Reading/Review/Recitation Week Monday, April 30–Friday, May 4, 2018 Last Day of Instruction Friday, May 4, 2018 Final Examinations Monday, May 7–Friday, May 11, 2018 Spring Semester Ends Friday, May 11, 2018 Commencement Saturday, May 12, 2018 Academic Administrative Holiday (Memorial Day) Monday, May 28, 2018 Summer Sessions 2018 Event Date Spring Semester Begins Tuesday, January 9, 2018 Academic Administrative Holiday (Martin Luther King, Jr. Day) Monday, January 15, 2018 Instruction Begins Tuesday, January 16, 2018 Academic Administrative Holiday (Presidents Day) Monday, February 19, 2018 Spring Recess Monday, March 26–Friday, March 30, 2018 Academic Administrative Holiday (Cesar Chavez Day) Friday, March 30, 2018 Cal Day To Be Determined, http://calday.berkeley.edu/ Classes End Friday, April 27, 2018 Reading/Review/Recitation Week Monday, April 30–Friday, May 4, 2018 Last Day of Instruction Friday, May 4, 2018 Final Examinations Monday, May 7–Friday, May 11, 2018 Spring Semester Ends Friday, May 11, 2018 Commencement Saturday, May 12, 2018 Academic Administrative Holiday (Memorial Day) Monday, May 28, 2018

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Spanish

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Spanish Look in just about any good Spanish dictionary, and most verbs will be listed as either transitive (verbo transitivo, often abbreviated in dictionaries as vt or tr) or intransitive (verbo intransitivo, abbreviated to vi or int). These designations can give you an important clue as to how the verb is used in sentences. What Are Transitive and Intransitive Verbs? A transitive verb is simply one that needs a direct object (a noun or a pronoun that the verb acts upon) to complete its thought. An intransitive one does not. An example of a transitive verb is the English verb to get and one of its Spanish equivalents, obtener. If you were to use the verb by itself, such by saying I get in English or obtengo in Spanish, it is clear you arent expressing a complete thought. Theres a natural follow-up question here: What are you getting?  ¿Quà © obtengas? The verb simply isnt complete without an accompanying noun (or pronoun) to indicate what is being obtained: I am getting an error message. Obtengo un mensaje de error. Another transitive verb is to surprise or its Spanish equivalent, sorprender. To express a complete thought, the verb must indicate who is surprised: It surprised me. Me sorprendià ³. To get, to surprise, obtener and sorpender, then, are all transitive verbs. They must be used with an object. Intransitive verbs are used without objects. They stand by themselves without acting on a noun or pronoun. Although they can be modified in meaning using adverbs or phrases, they cannot take a noun as an object. An example is the English verb to flourish and its Spanish equivalent, florecer. It doesnt make sense to flourish something, so the verb stands alone: The sciences flourished. Florecà ­an las ciencias. There are many verbs that can be used either transitively or intransitively. One example is to study or estudiar. You can use an object for a transitive usage (I am studying the book. Estudio el libro.) or without an object for an intransitive usage (I am studying. Estudio.). To write and escribir can be used in exactly the same ways. Take Note Transitive verbs (or verbs that are used transitively) need a direct object to be complete.Intransitive verbs do not need an object to be complete.Usually, but not always, Spanish verbs and their English counterparts match each other in transitivity. Verb Usage in Spanish vs. English The distinctions between transitive and intransitive verbs usually dont give Spanish students a lot of trouble. Most of the time, when a transitive verb is used in English, youll use a transitive one in Spanish. However, there are some verbs that can be used transitively in one language but not the other, or the opposite. That is one reason you may want to check the dictionary before you try using a verb in a way you havent heard it before. An example of a verb that can be used transitively in English but not Spanish is to swim, as in He swam the river. But the Spanish equivalent, nadar, cant be used in that way. While you can swim something in English, you cant nadar algo in Spanish. Youll need to recast the sentence: Nadà ³ por el rà ­o. The opposite can happen as well. In English, you cant sleep something, but in Spanish you can: La madre durmià ³ al bebà ©. The mother put the baby to sleep. In translating such verbs to English, youll often need to recast the sentence. Note that there are some verbs that are classified as neither transitive nor intransitive. These include pronominal or reflexive verbs (often abbreviated in Spanish as prnl), compulative or linking verbs (cop), and auxiliary verbs (aux). Pronominal verbs are listed in dictionaries as ending in -se. Examples of Spanish Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Use Transitive verbs: Comà ­ tres hamburguesas. (I ate three hamburgers.)El estudiante golpeà ³ la pared. (The student hit the wall.)Cambiarà © el dinero en el aeropuerto. (I will change the money in the airport.) Intransitive verbs: Comà ­ hace dos horas. (I ate three years ago. Hace tres horas is an adverbial phrase, not an object. The verb in the next example is also followed by an adverbial phrase.)La luz brillaba con muchà ­sima fuerte. (The light shone very strongly.)Las mofetas huelen mal. (Skunks stink.)

PRESSURE SORE MANAGEMENT IN ADULT PATIENTS Essay

PRESSURE SORE MANAGEMENT IN ADULT PATIENTS - Essay Example Furthermore, just as there are different terms for the same health care challenge there are a wide range of interventions that have been used over a long period of time in the management of pressure sore, with some even extending into the exotic in the form of magic potions, as the search for the right intervention in the management of pressure sores carries on (Ayello et al, 2008). The body of knowledge on pressure sores currently has expanded into a large volume of literature that is used as evidence in developing intervention strategies for pressure sores. Yet, quite often the value of the evidence received from research on pressure sores is quite often undermined by the poor research design, with particular emphasis on methodically sound empirical investigations and randomized controlled studies. This has hampered the expanding of the right understanding of pressure sores and the taking of correct informed decisions in the management of pressure sores (Ponto, 2005). The true inci dence and prevalence of pressure sores also remains a puzzle. ... These risk factors are classified under different heads consisting of medical diagnoses, co-morbidities and earlier medical episodes, patient demographics that include advanced age, anthropometric status, physiological status, nutritional status, functional status, psychological status, social behaviour and quality of nursing care. From the perspective of the importance of pressure sores to adult nursing two key aspects stand out in the risk factors associated with pressure sores. The first aspect is that many of the risk factors associated with the development of pressure sores can be found in a large proportion of the adult population in society, with particular emphasis on the elderly segment. The second is the inclusion of the quality of nursing care in the risk factors for the development of pressure sores, with the obvious implication that when nursing care is deficient or lacks the proper care elements, there are enhanced chances in the pressure sores overwhelming the nursing care provided to increase the negative outcomes for the patients (Bergstrom, 2005). In the upkeep of the health of society there is the need for greater emphasis in adult nursing, which stems from the rising trends in the elderly segment of population. Developments in the field of medical science have resulted in increased longevity of life, which is an important factor in the elderly population segment becoming the fastest growing segment of population. In 1980 the United Nations (UN) had forecasted that the number of elderly individuals above the age of 65 around the world would rise to 760 million in 2025. By 1999 the UN was forced to change the estimates of the elderly population above the age

In-Class Assisgnment #1 (Social Science) Assignment

In-Class Assisgnment #1 (Social Science) - Assignment Example The mere mention of this problem makes both the staff and the student body to feel uncomfortable. Administrators are trying hard to find the solution to this problem which has proved to be very challenging (Iarovici, Doris 33). I would use this information to advise the schools’ administrations to build upward and increase more parking garages so as to have more parking spaces. Students should also be advised to use alternative means to get to school like the public buses. Other parking lots are not far away from the schools, so students can usually walk from these places to get to school. Another concern is that the costs of books are not pocket friendly to students. This makes students not buy all the books that they require for their course work. One way to solve this problem is to have digital books available which will be affordable. Having a web site where these books are available can also be helpful since what the students will need to do is just to log in and search for the book online. But for the meantime the government should intervene and regulate the cost of the books to make them affordable. Another problem faced by college students is the length of some courses which are very long. This is not a good idea because most of the students will get lost along the way since it is not usually easy to keep track more so when the road is too long (Prince-Hughes, Dawn 50). For this concern, it would be advisable that if this courses can be integrated to smaller courses and be done in different semesters so as to save students the agony that they go through in the long

Writing Process Check Point Essay Example for Free

Writing Process Check Point Essay The writing process I read about in this class differs from the processes that I have used in the past, in that I have never used on purpose in-text citations. I do not like the look of papers that have citations in text they break my concentration when I am reading. I am trying to use them more in papers because the instructors want them, and they do make the paper look better. I always use mind-mapping, listing, and free writing. The listing and mind-mapping steps are the easiest for me to complete, and they get my mind completely focused on the task at hand. I list by making a very informal ugly outline, and that is my first step. A teacher would not credit my outlines, but they help me get my thoughts in order so that my paper flows better. Mind-mapping I do by hand with pencil and paper, I put my main idea in the middle of the page, and then draw anything related to the topic on the page in little bubbles. The step that is the most difficult for me is designing a thesis statement that grabs the attention of the audience, includes everything my paper is about. The thesis statement is something that I have never tried to do, so it is a little scary. I will be able to overcome this obstacle over thesis statements in this class when we learn about them. I know after that week I will be able to make a proper thesis statement for my final project. Reference Page: Steps in the Writing Process, Axia College Material

The Effect of Catalyst an the Rate Of Reaction Essay -- GCSE Chemistry

The Effect of Catalyst an the Rate Of Reaction Chemistry Coursework Does The Number of Drops of Catalyst Effect The Rate Of Reaction Candidate Name: Ben Dodds Candidate Number: 7158 School: Oundle School Completion Date: Introduction We are studying the reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid, the reaction is catalysed by copper sulphate and this experiment is to test whether the amount of drops effect the rate of reaction. Word Equation Zinc(s) + Sulphuric acid(aq) Ã   Hydrogen(g) + Zinc Sulphate(aq) Symbol Equation Zn + H2SO4 Ã   H + ZnSO4 This reaction is catalysed by Copper sulphate (CuSO4) Ionic Equation - Cancel Spectator ion (SO42-) Zn + 2H+ Ã   Zn2+ + H2 For this reaction to work there must be hard collisions between the zinc and the hydrogen ions (acidity ion) from the acid, The faster the harder and the more often the collisions happen so I predict the more catalyst the faster the reaction. Planning Safety * Sulphuric acid at 2M is a corrosive substance but diluted to 1M it is an Irritant, so wear a Lab coat to protect your cloths and wear safety specs to protect your eyes. * Zinc is very flammable so do not put a Bunsen burner near it. * Copper sulphate is very nasty and corrosive when it gets in your eyes so wear safety specs. * Hydrogen is explosive when mixed with oxygen and burnt; so don't use a Bunsen burner near the experiment. Method ====== First a clamp stand was taken and a gas cyringe was fitted so that when it is connected to a conicle flask the conicle flask will touch the bench. 1 gram of zinc was taken along with 2M sulphuric acid and distilled sollutions. The solutions were mixed to form 1 M acid and a certain number of dfrops of catalyst wes added in the conicle flask and the... ...zincand the amount of copper sulphate were not kept constant. Did I do enough readings I think I have done enough readings as the trend of my predictions were there but I could have done a greater range. The only problem with that is I would have to dilute the acid again as the times were very quick for 15 seconds so it would be to awkward to collect if I did 30 drops of copper suphate it would have been to quick to record. Could your results lead to any findings outside the range of results covered? Yes I could as my graph is a straight line graph so I could extend it and look at maybe 40 or 50 drops and look at what the rate is for them What additional relevant work could you do to extend your theory? We chose to vary the amount of drops of catalyst but what you could vary is maybe whether the temperature, pressure, concentration of the acid or amount of zinc.

Symbols of Personal Renewal in Henrik Ibsen’s ‘A Doll’s House’

Symbols of new beginnings for Nora In A Doll’s House the supporter, Nora lives in a Victorian society where adult females are to a great extent controlled and treated as second-class citizens. The mean Victorian adult females belonged to a stereotype that the adult females were required to remain place and clean, prepare repasts and raise kids. In matrimony Victorian adult females lost ownership of their rewards, all physical belongings, including land, and all other hard currency generated one time married. The hubby would stand for both adult male and adult female puting the hubby in control of everything and that including the married woman as if she was a piece of belongings. This was Nora before her new beginning. The dramatist employs a assortment of literary techniques and symbolism to convey the passage from a traditional Victorian adult female to the image of her seen at the terminal of the drama ; an embittered yet sophisticated, intelligent, and freshly empowered adult female boldly get awaying the i nfantilizing clasps of her old life. Amongst the symbols employed throughout the drama many were 1s in which represented a new beginning for Nora. From the point of act one she played the submissive, apparently selfish, foolish married woman declining to admit the strength that she was constructing. From the Christmas tree to the macaroons to the Tarantella to New Year’s twenty-four hours are really of import symbols which are Nora’s loves, they are what helped her to obtain her new beginning, these symbols conveyed to the reader the get downing a new for her. Christmas is favored vacation for Nora, the degree of felicity is exponential, but portion of the ground why she is so happy is the joy that she has when playing the function of a married woman and female parent. The plaything that she chose for her kids suggests that she is all right with the position quo of Victorian society, misss being nurturing and turning up to be a plain married woman and female parent while male childs grow up to be strong and powerful. Though during this phase her action of desiring to purchase something for herself implies that she wants to do a determination for herself traveling against the position quo. At this point though incognizant she starts to believe of independency as if the idea of it was in the dorsum of her head. Though Torvald does non let her to make so, the fact that Torvald will non swear her with money to purchase herself a present demonstrates a major instability of power. We see her during the drama telling the Christmas tree and so ado rning it, in secret moving independently an deduction of growing of strength to be an independent adult female turning, inching towards a new beginning. During Christmas Eve Nora believed her matrimony to be one that had small to no issues. At the beginning of the 2nd act, the tree has been stripped and the tapers burned out ; phase waies dictate that is should look â€Å"bedraggled† . This represents the terminal of Nora’s artlessness and foreshadows the Helmer family’s eventual decomposition, the tree represents the household and its integrity, the denudation of the tree foreshadows Nora depriving from the household unit and her going her ain individual and making her new beginning. She is get downing to alter significantly at this point. Though the first deduction of a strength that was get downing to turn was in her small act of eating a macaroon. The macaroons was a dainty that Torvald had forbidden Nora from eating. Nora claims that she â€Å"would ne'er dream† of making anything that Torvald did non desire her to make, but this is disproved in the really gap of the drama when Nora eats macaroons while she was entirely in the life room. The macaroons come to stand for Nora’s noncompliance to Torvald, as this was her first act of noncompliance seen by the audience. The macaroons show that Nora is the perfect small â€Å"pet† that Torvald views her to be. The macaroons map in the drama was to show that although that some households and lives seem image perfect, most of the clip it is non true, as proven by Nora’s demand to conceal the bond and macaroons from Torvald. Ibsen’s usage of symbolism in utilizing such a minor pleasance impacts the narrative in a immense manner by subtly demoing the audience that Nora’s life style is non as true, happy and dependent as it seems, an independent act can take to more and such implies her turning strength. After giving a stormy public presentation of the tarantella Nora asks that the macaroons be served at dinner, bespeaking a relationship between the macaroons and Nora’s interior passions, the tarantella and the macaroons can be said to be two of Nora’s loves which help to demo the audience the truth of who she truly is. The tarantella symbolizes a side of Nora that is ardent and passionate she could show her true nature in this dance. The Tarantella was a wild southern Italian dance, by and large danced by a twosome or line of twosomes. The dance was named after the European wolf spider spider, whose toxicant bite was erroneously believed to do ‘tarantism, ‘ an unmanageable impulse for wild dance. The ‘cure ‘ prescribed by physicians was for the sick person to dance to exhaustion. Pyscologists ground that the lone signifier of showing passion to its fullest, was the Tarantella. It is the fiery, passionate dance that allows Nora to drop the facade of perfect mild-mannered Victorian married woman it is the accelerator in which Nora is able to show a pent-up side of herself, her true ego. Ibsen’s arrangement of the Tarantella in the 3rd act is an prefiguration component which implies the interrupting out of Nora. Her new beginning, is clearly seen in this dance something that is non controlled. Throughout the drama Nora uses public presentations to delight Torvald, and the tarantella is no exclusion ; he admits that watching her perform makes him want her. However this is merely under controlled fortunes, and Torvald seems to bask that the public presentation impresses other people more than anything. But she can be merely controlled to a certain point such can be said when Torvald was seeking to give instructions â€Å"slow down† , seeking to command her as he watched her pattern before the existent event. Though this seems to be merely done to delight her hubby with a public presentation, what drives her to execute is the underlying facet that she can show her emotions to the fullest uncontrolled. New Years twenty-four hours is traditionally viewed as a new beginning and such can be said to be the Helmer family’s position, they are looking frontward to this new beginning. Torvald starts a better paying occupation at the bank at which he works, Nora is about free if non already free of her debt by New Years twenty-four hours. By the terminal of the drama Nora has decidedly made a new beginning for herself though non as expected ; without her kids and her hubby. As the secret about the debt is found out by Torvald and she has reached an epiphany because of this that she â€Å"existed simply to execute tricks† faulting him and her male parent for handling her like a spoiled kid and a toy for their ain amusement. They wanted her to be nescient and incapacitated, and therefore far she has merely tried to delight them and in bend losing out on any chance to educate and better herself. All the times she subtly rebelled or disobeyed or instead she was the 1 in control behind the scenes but now she is seen clearly, no more misrepresentation. Nora’s submissiveness to Torvald is no longer seen. She shows herself no longer as a kid but as an grownup adult female these symbols that the writer has employed has shown her development over clip. Particularly when Torvald fails to supply the strength that she needed, because of that she can truly state that she no longer loves him. Her realisation that she wants to prosecute her independency is non so much a transmutation but an waking up to a strength that she had possessed wholly along and with this strength she can get down a new.

James Joyce’s The Dubliners Essay

In â€Å"Araby†, â€Å"Eveline†, and â€Å"The Dead†, three short stories featured in James Joyce’s The Dubliners, the characters struggle with whether to live their lives with a structured routine or to seek opportunities, change, and adventure. These short stories center around everyday life for citizens of Dublin, Ireland in the early 20th century, when a choice between continuing the inherited tradition of routine and structure versus seeking any other form of life or adventure could be the most important decision in the peoples’ lives. With the terrible potato famine still in living memory and with Ireland seeking a new culture and identity, many of its citizens clung to their routine as means of survival. The quotidian routine of the character’s lives suppresses and dominates the characters, preventing any of the characters’ ideas and dreams of seeking adventure. In â€Å"Araby,† every aspect of the little boy’s rou tine and everyday life impedes him from his adventurous goals of visiting the annual bazaar and fulfilling his dream of a relationship with Mangan’s sister. Despite his infatuation with his friend Mangan’s sister, the boy cannot work up the courage to spark a conversation and is pleasantly surprised when she asks him if he is going to the annual bazaar, hosted in Dublin. She then says that she is unable to attend, and the boy offers to bring her an item from the bazaar. Every aspect of the boy’s routine and everyday life seems to be trying to impede the boy from his goals, from school’s boring lessons to his uncle forgetting to arrive home early enough to give him money for the train fair because he was out drinking. Despite the adversities of his everyday life attempting to ensnare him, the boy does make it to the bazaar, but his hopes about the bazaar are not fulfilled. When the boy arrives at the bazaar, he realizes that the bazaar does not live up to his expectations. The untimely distractions that caused the boy to be late to the bazaar cause the boy to show up after most of the excitement and trade has already ended. He approaches one stall that is still open, but the owner of the stall seems to be preoccupied with a conversation with several men. The woman notices him, but the boy says how â€Å"†¦the tone of her voice was not encouraging; she seemed to have spoken to [him] out of a sense of duty†. The boy buys nothing, feeling unwanted by the woman watching over the goods. With no purchase for Mangan’s sister, the narrator stands angrily in the deserted bazaar as the lights go out, with his hopes crushed as his grandiose imagination of the bazaar is disillusioned. This realization deflates the boy’s hopes and dreams of an adventurous and exotic life, ending his wishful love affair with his friend’s sister, as well as ending his ambitions for a more adventurous life, and is analogous to Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead†. In â€Å"The Dead†, the banal and reflectively melancholy party is indicative of the monotonous routine that the Dubliners live by; however, Gabriel, the protagonist, struggles with the psychological battle with his methodical approach to life versus a more acceptin g and unconventional mindset, in which he wishes to enjoy a happier outlook on life. The motif of adventure versus routine is ever-present in this short story through Joyce’s meticulous and selective diction. During a very normal routine of dinner, the food is on â€Å"rival ends† of the table, divided by â€Å"sentries of fruit†, and watched afar by â€Å"three squads of bottles†. This militaristic diction transforms a seemingly harmless dinner table into an adventurous battlefield filled with action and excitement. The â€Å"battlefield† is not the dinner table, but the story in itself. The war is not between sentries and squadrons of bottles, but between the routine of life versus the hunger for opportunity. After dinner, the guests begin to dance. The guests partake in â€Å"memorized dance steps† and fall into habit and routine, one after the other. These structured dance steps rob the dancers of their individuality and creativity as uniform seizes the dance floor. The dancers are either forced to abandon their creativity and join in on the synchronized march of the automatons or be excluded from the group. Later on in the story, Gabriel learns from his wife about a previous lover. Gabriel enters a pensive and reflective state, in which he muses on the mass snow covering all of Ireland, which most likely covers the grave of Michael, his wife’s ex-lover, as well as the graves of all future Dubliners. The snow, the culmination of millions of individual and unique snowflakes melting together to form one entity of uniformity, became a metaphor for the all-encompassing routine of the characters in Dubliners, covering them in life and in death. Gabriel’s reflections towards the end of the novel give the short s tory its name of â€Å"The Dead†, which is what all of the routine and structure does the characters in The Dubliners. Despite all of the negative occurrences that the routine of the evening and of life bring upon Gabriel, he summons the courage to change his bleak outlook on life, vowing to have a more optimistic and open view on the world. In â€Å"Eveline†, the protagonist Eveline is faced with a rare opportunity to move away from Ireland to Buenos Aires with her boyfriend, Frank, but the routines and memories of her life ensnare her and prevent her from making the choice to seek adventure and excitement. This decision is an important crossroads in Eveline’s life, to continue with a life of an abusive father or an uncertain future with her boyfriend. The story begins with Eveline reflecting upon her childhood and contemplating the difficult decision that lies before her. She first has an epiphany, realizing that she cannot stay where she is, stuck in the autonomous life of routine and then becomes sympathetic to her father, saying how he was not all that abusive to her. Soon after th is thought, Eveline hears an organ playing in the street, reminding Eveline of her mother. This recollection of her mother immediately compels Eveline to decide that she cannot live her life the way her mother did, being swallowed up and forgotten by the routines of cooking and cleaning, all but forgotten in a sad and monotonous life. Eveline decides to head to Buenos Aires with Frank. As they are about to board the ship, Eveline resorts back to her routine by praying. The familiar chanting of the prayers versus the desire to flee with Frank renders Eveline in a state of paralysis, stripped of confidence after the destructive battle raging in her head between the two waging sides of her life, fiercely battling each other for superiority of Eveline’s subconcious. Eveline is left on the docks while Frank boards the ship. Because she does not move away from her routines, she is stuck forever with them. Her momentary epiphany regarding her mother and the monotonous routines of her life will go in vain, and she will end up living the exact life that her mother did. The vicious cycle of repetitive and mundane routine leaves the Dubliners helpless and lonely. Often, the routine forces the character into a state of unrequited love. In â€Å"Araby†, the routine leaves the boy in love with Mangan’s sister, never to know whether she shared any of his feelings. In â€Å"Eveline†, Eveline is left in the abusive and vicious cycle of her life, while her love is sailing off to Buenos Aires. In â€Å"The Dead†, Michael is literally buried under the mass routine of the snow, while his lover lives on, loving someone else. These protagonists each face difficult situations, of which they are not sure how to solve. As a mechanism of coping, they seek repetition, comfort, and conformity that only the routines of their average lives can bring. Without ever taking chances, they are sure to never achieve more than an average life. The characters in The Dubliners never take a chance to succeed and triumph over mediocrity. In doing this, they never give themselves a chance to fail, but they also never give themselves a chance to succeed. These characters have an opportunity to try to lift themselves up from the routinely abusive cycle of their lives, but cannot free themselves from their shackles, simply adding a few more degrees to the circle of false hopes and adventure that defines these misfortunate and disillusioned characters. Works Cited: Joyce, James. â€Å"Dubliners.† Project Gutenberg. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. .

Under Armor Financial Analysis Essay Example

Under Armor Financial Analysis Essay Example Under Armor Financial Analysis Essay Under Armor Financial Analysis Essay Under Armor Financial Analysis Name: Course: Date: Under Armor Financial Analysis Performance measurement The measurement of performance refers to the various dissimilar statistical measures to assess how efficient a company uses its resources to make revenues. Ordinary examples of parameters used to measure performance include operating income, net asset value and earning before interest. It is significant to point out that no single performance measure should be considered independently. Instead, to reach at a realistic position of the performance a company, an analysis must use different combination of measures. The analysis will assess the cash flow from all business activities in 2011 and the balance sheets for 2011 and 2010. Financial performance Assessing the financial performance of Under Armour will require a prejudiced measure of how well the company uses the assets amassed from its main form of business, and come up with revenues. The term â€Å"financial performance† is also utilized as a universal evaluation of a company’s overall financial wellbeing over a period, and can be applied to evaluate similar companies that operate on the same industry. Without measuring, there is no way that we can realize the trend that the company is taking. The best way to do this evaluation is using financial ratios that are the relationships between two or more financial elements. Through the ratios, a manager can easily determine the level of performance for their company. Company background Under Armour is a group of expansive sports, accessories and clothing stores situated in America. The company deals in the supply of a broad variety of sportswear and informal attire with the focus being on technical sportswear that can serve the needs of career athletes. The Under Armour was established in 1996 when it started selling footwear. The international headquarters of the company are situated in Maryland while the European head office is in Amsterdam. Other subsidiary offices are sited in Guangzhou, Denver, Toronto and Hong Kong. Some of the products developed by Under Amour include AllseasonGear, ColdGear, and StreetGear. The Under Amour products are traded worldwide and are used by sportspeople in different sports from young people to professional players. Measuring the financial performance of Under Amour Company will involve assessing the revenues, financial records and other statistics (Douglas, 2012). Summary Report Under Armor Company implements an accounting cycle that incorporates several activity series that start with a transaction and conclude with closing the books of account. Primarily, this cycle includes several major steps. The cycle begins at the stage of identifying or recognizing a transaction or an event. This step is followed by the preparation of the source document for the transaction such as an invoice or purchase order. Consequently, an analysis and classification of the transaction is carried out. This part serves to quantify the transaction in terms of money value, that is, cents or dollars. Additionally, identification of the account to be credited or debited also occurs at the third stage of the cycle. The cycle then proceeds on to the fourth step, and this involves recording the transaction in an appropriate journal entry such as cash receipt, sales journal, purchase journal and others. These kinds of entries and executed in a chronological sense. The journal entries are hence posted to ledger accounts. It is prudent to understand that the Under Armor employs the steps highlighted above through the whole accounting period since the occurrence of the transactions happen in period batches. The rest of the cycle steps explained below are performed when the accounting period concludes. These steps include the preparation of the trial to certify the equality between the debits and credits. At this part of the cycle, no adjustment of the accounts takes place. If any discrepancy between the accounts is identified, action is taken to sight the posting errors, math errors or recording errors. Finally, the company’s accounting cycle ends with the preparation of the balance sheet and the profit and loss account. Business efficiencies created by solid accounting have to be valued with a view of establishing whether a business, or in this case the company, is enjoying optimum profitability. Since the company is operating in an environment with volatile economic factors, variable costs with frequent fluctuations pose dramatic negative effects on the company’ s product margin. Efficient business performance is dependent on the accuracy of product profitability and cost analysis of raw materials. Recommendations to the company include focusing on the female market whose sales only earn the company about 25% its entire revenue (Reuters, 2012). The company should look to put more focus on this market and maximize its profitability. The company should also look to expand its global sales. More than 90% of the company’s sales come from distribution channels within North America (Reuters, 2012). Companies such as Nike and Adidas have established their market channels throughout the globe. The company should also look to venture into soccer deals as fashion giants like Puma and Nike have. Making this move would allow the company to strengthen its brand. For example, Nike in comparison to Under Armor is very much ahead in terms of operating activities, assets, and income revenue. For example, statistics in 2011 stated that Under Armor raked in over 900,000 million dollars in assets compared to Nike’s 15,000 billion. Net income was 90,000 million and approximately 3 billion dollars for both Armor and Nike respectively. If Under Armor Company is to compete with giants like Nike Company, then they have to shift their focus on capitalizing on their opportunities while mitigating their weaknesses at the same time mitigating their weaknesses. The company should look to anticipate and react to changing preferences of consumers. Additionally, it would be a good idea if the company employs critical sale events. This would function well in boosting customer loyalty. Furthermore, an outline of the company’s financial performance exhibited success and the trend are expected to continue if careful implementation is exercised (Reuter s, 2012). This is true judging by the company’s 27.8 percent growth in revenue from 2010 to 2011. In the same period, the company’s gross revenue grew.

Comparison Essay on Football and Basketball

Comparison Essay on Football and Basketball Comparison Essay on Football and Basketball Football and basketball are two of the most common sports that are played in many parts of the world. For an individual who is torn between selecting which of the two sports he should play, it can be very helpful to know the characteristics of the two sports and compare these qualities in order to select the one that interests a particular person the most. One of the most obvious differences between the two sports lies in the way they are played. While football is in most cases played outdoors in areas that may not necessarily have artificial lighting or controlled temperatures, basketball is mostly played in indoor fields that have both artificial lighting and temperature control. The size of the football field is also several times bigger than that of basketball. The other difference lies in the way the players interact with the ball. In football, the ball is played by fumbling, while in basketball, the ball is played by bouncing the ball up and down on the floor repeatedly in an action known as dribbling. In football, the main objective of the game is to capture the territory of the opposing team in ten yard segments, eventually driving the ball to the opposing team’s end zone. In basketball, the main aim is to throw the ball as many ways as possible into the opposing team’s basket, given that the more baskets a team makes, the higher the score. Another major difference is that physical contact between basketball players of opposing teams is highly discouraged and may actually result in a foul. This is especially the case when a player knocks another player of the opposing team to the floor. In football, contact is highly encouraged. Contact in football is referred to as a tackle. Another difference between the two sports is way players dress. While basketball players adorn vests as the uniform of the game, football players are usually dressed in long sleeved t-shirts and trousers. They also wear helmets to protect their heads during tough tackles. Another notable difference between the two sports is why a player may be suspended from the game. The most common reason behind players being ruled out of a basketball game is the fouls that they cause, but in football, injuries are the most common reasons that remove players from the game. The kind of scores in each of the games also differs greatly. In football, 3 is the least number of points that the opposing team can score at a single time, while in basketball, 3 is the most a player can score at a time. Finally, the origin of each of the games also differs. While football is thought to have originated in the early 1900s as a violent collegiate sport for men, bask etball is believed to have originated from a gymnastics practice for women. You can enjoy our professional essay service which can help with writing your comparison essay on Football and Basketball. Get 100% original custom compare and contrast essay written from scratch!

Finance-Annuities Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance-Annuities - Speech or Presentation Example 9. Wade Ellis buys a car for  $15,002.71. He puts 10% down and obtains a simple interest amortized loan for the balance at  12  and  1/2%  interest for four years. After three years and two months of making the minimum monthly payment, he sells his car. Find the unpaid balance on his loan. (Round all intermediate calculations to the nearest cent. Round the answer to the nearest cent.) 10. Four candidates, Harrison (H), Lennon (L), McCartney (M), and Starr (S), are running for regional manager. After the polls close, ranked ballots are tallied, and the results are summarized in the table. Use the plurality method of voting to determine the winner. 11. The managers of Prints Alive (a local silk-screening business) are planning a party for their  44  employees. There are three possible locations for the party: the warehouse (W), the park (P), or the beach (B). The employees are asked to rank these choices in order of preference, and the results are summarized in the table. Use the instant runoff method to determine the winner. 12. The managers of Prints Alive (a local silk-screening business) are planning a party for their  40  employees. There are three possible locations for the party: the warehouse (W), the park (P), or the beach (B). The employees are asked to rank these choices in order of preference, and the results are summarized in the table. Use the Borda count method to determine the

Islamic Banking Operations and Instruments Research Paper

Islamic Banking Operations and Instruments - Research Paper Example Indeed, culture has been traditionally related to society and its intervention in economic life has been rather unexpected. Islamic banks follow specific rules. These rules mostly reflect the Islamic law, also known as Sharia law. Following these rules is considered as obligatory for the Islamic financial institutions. However, it is possible for additions to be made, according to the needs of the local market and always within specific limits, as explained below. The differences of Islamic banks from conventional banks, meaning the Western banks are many. These differences are analyzed in the sections that follow. The paper focuses on all aspects of Islamic banking, including the principles and types of their daily operations but also the instruments that these financial institutions use for aligning their activities with the rules of the Islamic law. The review of the literature published in the particular field has led to the following assumptions: a) the operational rules of Isla mic banks are rather difficult to be implemented and monitored; it is possible for this reason that failures are not avoided but they are kept at rather low levels, if compared to the rate of failures of the western banks, b) the Islamic banking system has a significant advantage compared to the conventional banking system: it is not based on borrowing but rather on deposits. This fact makes Islamic banks more capable of facing strong financial crises. The lack of severe failures in Islamic banks worldwide during the recent recession of 2008 proved that the specific characteristic of Islamic banks is a key element of their competitiveness; c) the performance of Islamic banks may not reach the high levels of performance of western banks. However, this fact should not cause worries. More specifically, the high financial status of western banks is often the result of extensive borrowing by organizations operating at state level, meaning especially the Central Bank of each state. Securi ng funds for expanding their activities and for supporting their financial projects, western banks often give the impression of increased power towards financial institutions of different characteristics, such as Islamic banks or building societies. Still, if their financial statements are carefully reviewed then it is made clear that the level of their performance is actually low, even if their cash flow is high because the level of their liabilities can be significantly higher compared to their assets. The paper has been divided into three main sections. In the introductory section the key elements of the issue under discussion are presented. The various aspects of the paper’s subject are analyzed in the second section which has been divided in sub-sections so that each thematic unit is made clearer. A conclusion is provided aiming to summarize, as possible, the findings of the literature review, as presented analytically in section 2. It should be noted that the particular subject has been chosen mostly because of the significant expansion of Islamic banking as a mode of banking contributing in the stability of the economy and the avoidance of major economic turbulences. 2. Islamic banking –

Buddhism Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Buddhism Philosophy - Essay Example It is clear that everything in the world according to Buddhism has a purpose and is subject to change to fit their purpose. Every component in the environment has a connection that affects another with none having a permanent state. From the text, it is clear that healing according to Buddhism involves physical, emotional and spiritual in recovery from sickness (Barry, 22). It takes the holistic perspective that differentiates it from the conventional treatment that only considers treating the symptoms. However, the philosophies of Buddhism differ from other religions by purporting that there is no resemblance to God or future immortality. The differences originate from the perspective that everything is subject to change.The article extinguishes education, economic status, culture and social life as factors that affect people’s health. All these show the relationship of individual being with the environment where they live. There is a need to consider all relevant factors whi le dealing with health and diseases to ensure better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. People always cause an impact on the surrounding and at the same time, the environment acts on them. Hence, Buddhism takes into consideration of mental, social and physical health status of a person when considering the healing process since there is interconnection in all. Treating the physical symptoms is just a section of the healing process. Suffering also forms part of human life that only ends when they cut links with things from the world.

Sustainable Forest Management Concepts

Sustainable Forest Management Concepts CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Background of SFM The sustainable forest management idea has been promoted for the past 20 years in government of Sabah since 1989 but there had not been any serious attempt to put such idea into any effective practice. To solve this challenge, the BN State Government ensured that SFM is implemented in all future forest related activities (SFD, 1998). Seven main elements of SFM which act as a reference framework for sustainable forest management are the extent of forest resources; forest biological diversity; forest health and vitality; productive functions of forest resources; protective functions of forest resources; socio-economic functions of forests; and the legal, policy and institutional framework (Sarre Sabogal, 2013). All the main stakeholders involved in forest management such as: forest managers, government, non-government organizations (NGOs) and other stakeholders need to understand what is SFM mean in order to work together to achieve the objectives (Higman, 2005). FAO had studied almost 80 cases of successful SFM implementation which shown the economic, social and environmental benefits that can be achieved under SFM (Sarre Sabogal, 2013). One of the efforts in practice of SFM is adopted and implemented principles of sound forest management at Deramakot Forest Reserve in Sandakan. The Deramakot Forest Reserve is FMU No.19. It had covered 55,083 hectares of mixed Dipterocarp forest in the east of Sabah (Mannan, Awang, Radin, Abai Lagan, 2002). In 1989, Malaysia- German Sustainable Forest Management Project was extended to Sabah and conducted in Deramakot Forest Reserves. The main goal of this project is to apply an ecologically and scientifically substantiated forest management system (Mapa, 2003). This project was undertaken by the Sabah Forestry Department with the help of forest resource management such as stock inventory, reduced impact logging (RIL), the skyline yarding system, forest rehabilitation and silviculture. Due to the successfu l of SFM at Deramakot, in September 1997, the state Government had an agreement with 10 organizations from private sector which became active partners of the Government to ensure that the SFM practice at Deramakot is extended to other commercial forest areas in Sabah (SFD, 1998). According to Li (2014), SFM aims to ensure that the goods and services derived from forest meet peoples’ needs meanwhile maintain their continued availability and contribution to long-term development. Over the last 10 years, China has made a great amount of achievements in the forest sector based on sustainable forest management concept. For example, China had ranked the sixth in the world in terms of forest stock volume, following by Brazil, Russia, Canada, the United States of America and Democratic Republic of Congo. All these examples show that sustainable forest management concept can help to maintain ecosystem balanced. 2.2 Forest Management Unit (FMU) FMU is clearly defined as forest area which managed to a set of explicit objectives based on a long term management plan. SFM is divided all the commercial forest areas into 27 blocks called Forest Management Units (FMUs). Each FMU is about 100,000 hectares wide (Toh Grace, 2006) and every unit will be managed by selected companies (Mapa, 2003). Currently, the level of the FMU in Peninsular Malaysia is an individual state; in Sabah the FMU area will cover by each Sustainable Forest Management License Agreement (SFMLA); while in Sarawak, the FMU is an individual concession area (Ng, Tong Lim, 2002). 2.3 Forest Management Plan (FMP) FMU divided their forest area into severe compartments. Each compartment has to prepare its own FMP. A FMP is a strategic plan that can provide an overview or description of the forest area and the basis activities for monitoring the forest (Armitage, 1998). FMP can also name as medium-term forest management planning which have a minimum duration of 10 years (Kleine Heuveldop, 1993). FMP translates the forest policy and prepared a well operational program for regulating forest activities. A FMP should include description of forest resource base, the management actions of the resources, review at the mid-point of the plan, review in the final year of the plan and the preparation of a new plan when the present plan expired (Armitage, 1998). FMP is an important strategy which conducted by FMU to well manage the community forest and bring benefits to local communities. 2.4 Community Forestry Community forestry is a village-level forestry activity which also can be defined as the participation of local communities in the planning, establishing, managing and harvesting of forest crops in a forest, so they can receive a major proportion of the socio-economic and ecological benefits from the forest (Nixon, Herbohn Harrison, 2001). The participation of local community is very critical to promote sustainable livelihoods and maintain forest resources (Murdiyarso, 2006). According to Metha (2002), both India and Nepal have a wide variety of forests. At that time, the use of forest is controlled by local community’s traditions. However due to massive loss of forest, the governments of India and Nepal began to take over the forest management authority in the late 1980s. This cause the local communities lost their stewardship. As a result, the community forest programs are implemented to give communities financial stake so they have an incentive to preserve the forest. In 1988, the master plan for Nepal’s program was adopted which states that the forest administration should allow people to have full control over the forest. 2.5 Issues during implementation of SFM concept According to Hickey (2004), during evaluating progress in monitoring and reporting information for SFM, some issues related to forestry such as: trade considerations, socio-economics conditions, forest resource characteristics and forest land ownership need to be considered. There are some challenges faced by local communities who living in the forests for manage the forests sustainability. For example, lack of available land especially those peoples with no legal claim to their native customary right (NCR) of land within forest reserves. These communities are limited from clearing additional land for their use (Toh Grace, 2006). Local communities argued about the forest boundary. They are restricted to enter into the forest to collect forest products (Lintangah, 2013). According to Lintangah (2013), another issue that faced by local communities during implementation of SFM concepts is the relationship with the FMU holders. Local communities have a low level of cooperation because they lack of consultation from FMU holders and some FMU holders begin their activities without permission of local communities. Besides that, lack of understanding about SFM concept among local communities also becomes an issue during implementation of SFM. SFM implementation also brought some impacts to locals such as lack of infrastructure development and maintenance for example road; lack of provision of job opportunities to the local communities and environmental pollution. Richards Yaron (2003) stated that the main problem or issues for sustainable forest management is the failures of market and policy which cause more profitable to cut down trees than to retain or manage them. All these challenges or issues can cause limitation of use right among local communities and occurred conflicts between local communities and forest managers (Duguma, Hager Gruber, 2009). To solve all these conflicts between stakeholders, SRM approaches should be conducted. It is important to conduct a study about the perceptions of communities towards SRM approaches which can help to solve the issues during SFM implementation. Based on Wang (2008), perception is the insight or intuition gained by perceiving. It can be defined as the sixth sense of human beings. Perception is an important cognitive function that can determine personality. 2.6 Stakeholder Relations Management (SRM) The stakeholder relations management approach refers as the framework for analyzing and evaluating a corporation’s relationship with external groups to achieve â€Å"win-win† situations that can benefit everyone (Lintangah, 2013). However, there are usually occurs winners and losers in a complex situations. As a result, stakeholder management approach is conducted for planning and implementing collaborative relationship to obtain win-win outcomes among stakeholders. SRM approach is a response to the growth and progress of corporations to understand how the corporation operates with their stakeholders (Lintangah, 2013). An effective SRM can well-managed the relationship among stakeholders for mutual benefits (Post, Preston Sachs, 2002). The six steps that focus in stakeholder management approach are first identify key stakeholders, describe their stakes in the organization, determine if those stakes are significant, evaluate the opportunities and challenges, determine t he organization’s responsibility to the stakeholder, and finally create relationship strategies (Shannon Thomas, 2015). One of the examples of SRM approaches is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which means â€Å"a voluntary management system used by the companies to incorporate a variety of social, environmental and economic pressures into their business operations and their interaction with their stakeholders† (Lintangah, 2013, p.36). Stakeholder management approaches can help to solve problems related with SFM implementation. Most of the stakeholders feel that the dialogue is one of the useful tools in dealing with their claims and interests besides media and technology. It can solve the conflicts among stakeholders through communicating, negotiating, contracting, managing relationships and motivating (Freeman, 2004). The SRM approaches that conducted under SFM at FMU level included community forestry, joint forest management, CSR programmes, inter-agencies involvement, and contract forestry that will promote and support the SFM implementation at the FMU level. According to Lintangah (2013), the supporting tools for SRM include the Forest Management Plan, Annual Work Plan, related government policies at the state and federal level, the Forest Enactment of 1968, and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). 2.7 Sustainable Forest Management License Agreement (SFMLA) In September 1997, Sustainable Forest Management license Agreement (SFMLA) which is valid for 100 years is formed and replaced the timber license agreement (Toh Grace, 2006). On 10 September 1997, 10 companies had signed SFMLA with the government to show their cooperation in forest management. They were: Yayasan Sabah; Idris Hydraulic (Malaysia) Bhd; TSH Resources Bhd; Sapulut Forest Development Sdn Bhd; Bugaya Forest Sdn Bhd; The North Borneo Timber Corporation Berhad; Modern Innovation Realty Sdn Bhd; Anika Desiran Sdn Bhd; Bornion Timber Sdn Bhd and Timberwell Bhd (SFD, 1998). SFMLA holders are responsible for forest planning, forest inventories, preparation of forest management plans, implementation of the SFM, the establishment and maintenance of infrastructure, the security and protection of the FMU area, the protection and conservation of the unique environment within the SFMLA area, support financial of all the expenses and the accommodation of local communities’ interests (Lintangah, 2013). Under SFMLA, licence holders have to implement community forestry (CF) projects within their respective FMUs. All the companies have to submit annual work plans and harvest plans for each logging plots based on reduced-impact logging systems. All the management and operational plans, especially monitoring the activities of licence holders had to approve by Forestry Department (Toh Grace, 2006).

An Interview with a Juvenile Offender Essay -- Interview Essays

At the age of 23, Charlie has a fairly good life. He has a good job with a national insurance company, and recently married his girlfriend of three and a half years, Autumn. They are expecting their first child this November. But things have not always gone so well for Charlie. When Charlie was two and a half years old, his mother Laura and father Jose Chili Pepper gave birth to their second child, Chloe. Jose and Laura knew there was something wrong with Chloe right away, because of the way she turned her hand, but no doctor in Fudge Brownie, Montana, would confirm Jose and Laura’s suspicion their daughter had Cerebral Palsy. Frustrated and unable to find work, Jose moved his family from Fudge Brownie, Montana back to Watershed, Kansas, where they had originally lived before Chloe was born. The Chili Peppers stayed with Jose's sister Carolina for a time along with Jose's niece Catherine Sanchez and another of his sisters, Juanita. After a short time Jose decided he and his family needed their own place to live. He and Laura packed up eighteen-month-old Chloe and three-and-a-half year-old Charlie and moved to a small house on Sunny Days Avenue where the family lived for the next few years. Charlie loved living in that neighborhood. It was almost like living in the countryside, with little traffic and wide-open fields where Charlie and his friends could run free and be kids. According to Charlie's father Jose, "It was the perfect place for a little boy." But Charlie's happiness would be short-lived. Due to medical problems with his mother and sister, the family moved once again when he was five years old. "Charlie really loved living there and was happy in his first school," Jose recalled. "He was very upset that we had... ...l unloved at times. His parent's when he was eleven only seemed to aggravate the problem. Discipline was inconsistent, and often he was able to get around punishment by wearing down his mother, who could be easily persuaded to give in to what he wanted. Family finances were strained. Although Charlie went to school in an upper middle-class neighborhood, his family could not afford to buy him as much as many of his friends’ parents. He began to run around with kids who were associated with a local gang and was rejected by other friends because of his behavior. Today, Charlie is closer to his family. He spends time with his mother father and sister. His relationship with his wife, Autumn, while occasionally rocky, has been a positive influence. He is a responsible young adult, who has been fortunate to have gotten the intervention he needed as a troubled teenager.

Parallels similarities between the experiences of womenmen in Gileadean and US society Essay

I would like to concur with Atwood that the Gilead society only exist in the land of Gilead alone, and such attributes are not witnessed in the basic American societies even though this concurrence is limited. I will begin by citing Atwood opinion. Firstly, the Gilead society transferred women wealth to their husbands or relatives. Thus, a woman was seen as a property and could not be allowed to own property since she was a property. This is not the case with contemporary US society where women can make significant macroeconomic decisions American women are leaders of large businesses, control large investments and even assume elective posts. I will, therefore, compare the identity issue to makes sure that you understand the differences between American societies and Gilead societies. Unlike in the American society, in the Gileadian society women were highly segregated from one another. For a woman to befriend a fellow woman that relationship was to be made public. As such, their husbands took women as properties. Thus, they expected women to consult them on what choices they would want to make in life. According to Atwood, Gileadian woman would wear uniforms coded to their functions. However, American women have independent decisions. They choose who and who not to relate with. Besides, Audience, Atwood believes that Gilead women were infertile, and they would help their husbands during insemination commonly known as ceremony. The women were only in charge of the household discipline, however, their freedoms since way the feel week they were left to die with no care at all. As well, the women were expected to provide subsequent child catering; as quoted; They would tell Bible stories for children and sing hymns. One of the women was called Serena Joy†¦..was expected to laugh and cry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦in order to teach the children (16) Rather complex, the women of Gilead, who are seen handling complex administrative jobs, for instance, becoming police officers, are still considered properties of men they are working with. As such, the women become rigid, middle-aged who have internalized patriarchal values. In fact, Gilead women are dogmatized to live in a society that does not seem to care about their objectives. Similarly, women of Gilead operate re-education centers; however, they are not mandated to carry out critical decisions concerning education. However, this is not the case their American counterparts. American counterparts contribute positively towards the development of the society. Their decisions are independent. Similarly, the creation and destruction of property rights fundamentally presents legal challenges affecting the women of Gilead. Men, control the Gilead government. Gilead state captures wayward and loose women who can bear birth to the incoming generations; however, they fail to recognize the power and legitimacy of the new regime. Thus, their property is their self and freedoms and as illustrated earlier, the access to money. As a result, women become the property of their husbands if they have one or the state that has their discretion can dispatch them wherever they see them. In this case, males are in power to claim property rights in women who have been foiled. However, in America, women are not treated as fugitives in fact, they present an equal 50/50 power distribution and resources are shared evenly. Ironically, the Gilead regime pretends to respect the feminist philosophy in its treatment of women and the paints a picture of an utopian future that female society turnaround to become the sorority and prevent from being hurt. However, the patriarchy principles in Gilead embrace the paradox of protection in the imprisonment, where women face significant prejudices in the type of decisions that they make. This is not the case with the present American society. Joining Atwood, I prefer Aunt Lydia reflection on what freedom-to-freedom means. Ironically, the commander justifies the Gilead by claiming that women are relevant if they fulfill their biological duties. Literary the commander had married so many women, and had one ceremonial as Atwood is quoted saying At one, level was an almost a caricature of the banality of kitchen talk that could be a scene from a Pinter commender†¦But in the terror-filled austerity of the commander house, it is seductively comforting†¦.note the word seduction. (10) Such a doctrine is rapid, and it indicates how women are considered as a property of the Gilead men communities. American women consider giving birth as a service to the society and not necessary as a reward for a better life. Besides, American women consider giving birth as a way of giving back to the society positively. Equally, audience please be advised that the fascist Republic of Gilead, which differs the contemporary United States society assigns every woman to different classes of women: without their will to protest. The classes are as a follows: wives, belong to the married men who have a superior military rank. These women, despite their will, are treated fairly better than other counterparts are in the society. Secondly, the Gilead society assigns a second class of women, handmaid, econowives or Martha the role of reproduction and matrimony. These women, despite their will, are engaged into hard jobs serving the rich in one way, or another. The group is forcefully married to a lower rank military regime that does not have enough status to obtain a handmaid or aunts function. Even though ironically, Handmaids surrogate for the infertile heterosexuals, as well as, serving as women housekeepers and cooking nannies. To achieve that, the Gilead initiates a dogmatizing religious program, one tha t ordains the reproduction where multiple doctrines are enacted to affirm the system of social rituals. Members, such as absurd society does not exist in America. On the contrary, in America, women are empowered to make decisions concerning the sexuality. As quoted saying †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦The flesh arranges itself differently. I am a cloud congealed around a central object, the shape of a pear†¦ (Chapter 13, 43) However, the social complexity of the US, American women control their sexuality and as well, control how they would prefer bringing forth their off springs. Similarly, since Gilead is actively involved in patriarch driven conflicts, most members are either infertile or sterile, it is arguable that men through the subsequent political battles have made their property. As such, subsequent political battles have increased toxic wastes and nuclear fallout, where toxic waste colonies are increased. To hide the truth behind such rituals, the Gilead societies have invoked a biblical ritual called â€Å"The Ceremony.† However, arrogantly, how they conduct their sexual activities is unbecoming. The command penetrates the handmaid exposed sex in an attempt to impregnate a woman. The commander is quoted to have said I’m not talking about sex; he says. That was part of it; the sex was too easy. . . You know what they were complaining about the most (Chapter, 32) This is unbecoming since the woman has been lured to sex. Any sound child born by the handmaid is handled over to the wife of the commander as if the child belonged to the commander’s wife. Such a social setting is very wanting and prompts the question on the role of women in the society. To answer that, American women make independent decisions on how when and where, they want to give birth. American women also make the choice to have sex, when, where and with whom. Nonetheless, despite the complex differences between the Gilead society and the American society, we still notice some similarities. While it is evident that the Gilead society obligates women roles as predominantly domestic, the US society seems to emulate that by assigning women the task of raising children while men are technically exempted from that. Additionally, members you will agree with me that the congress, which happens to be active Christian right is looking for traditional family values. Even though we acknowledge that radical pieces of the Gilead system have not found a way into the American system, it is notable that domestic institutions have secret doctrine women in the Gilead society. A common doctrine is the domestic chore, where the common American woman is made to believe that in order to make a perfect partner, one has to wash the dirt, prepare food, and even entertain a commander called the husband. Men experiences, therefore, are not radical, or in any case equal as those affecting women. It is also disheartening to note that efforts by feminine movements are currently being considered outdated or extremists and are not attracting subsequent influence as they were expected two decades. Efforts to benefit and strengthen the woman counterpart peel away the layers the practice once again set to maintain the domin ant-subordinate relationship. Reference Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid’s Tale. London: Vintage Classic, 2010. Print. Source document

Research on Baroda dairy product Essay

Executive Summary This project has been undertaken in order to understand the Customer Perception and liking towards Baroda Dairy Products. The task is to know and measure its effectiveness in terms of Price , Quality , Quantity , Packaging , Product availability, Product delivery, Product maintenance (storage), merits and demerits of the existing distribution chain, areas and scope of improvement and finding ways to make the Product more user friendly and Available. There are various ways to carry out this project and reach desired objectives for e. g. , Expert Opinion, In-depth interview with Customers, primary data collection and analysis etc. but out of all these options available for data collection, the method chosen was primary data collection and analysis i. e. questionnaire based data collection and analysis. The reasons for choosing this technique for project are as under: This method gives the opportunity to directly interact with the Customers and helps in knowing what they actually think of the Baroda Dairy Products. The most reliable source of information from all the other mentioned above. Gives a better insight of Customer perception as compared to other technique. This technique will yield an Unbiased, To the Point and Reliable result. It is best to know from the Customers as to what they think about the Existing Product and Satisfaction Level. From this project I came to know about co-operative sector, dairy industry, distribution and handling of highly perishable product like milk. I also came to know what Customers think of current Products and Services of Baroda Dairy. Customer loyalty to Baroda Dairy and its products. I got to know various merits of the existing distribution channel. I also discovered some areas of distribution channel which if worked upon can yield more profitable gains and can also increase the availability of Products. I critically analyzed the answers that were provided by Customers. In order to get quality information, I used questionnaire as a tool which helped me in this project. After collection of the desired data, the data has been critically analyzed to draw conclusion out of mathematical data. The collected data has been categorized and presented in to the meaningful diagrammatic presentations following its proper classification. All these analytical information is subjected to the conclusions following justified interpretation of the results drawn from the statistical tools. Introduction Dairy industry is one of the growing sectors in the Indian Food Processing Industry. This sector Grew at CAGR of 3. 7 % in the last decade. An everyday useful industry which was into rags during 1940s is now one of the most performing industry in the country, courtesy – White Revolution. But still the market is dominated by unorganized sector which contributes about 80% of the total milk marketing in the country. Thus lies a very large scope for the organized sector to enter in this industry. Dairy contributes to 16% of consumer spend on food – 18% in Urban areas of the country and 15% in rural areas. It is one of the most important and exceptionally well performing industries. Each and every state has its own Federation that governs various co-operatives in each state which are into processing of milk and other milk products and the Governing body for these state federations is National Dairy Development Board. One of the main reasons for the progress of dairy industry in India was the white revolution and the Co-operative movement. Also what has added to its development is the linkage it has created between producers and consumers which has eliminated the middle man. Also strengthening of production, procurement, infrastructure and technology has made dairy farming India’s largest self-sustainable rural employment generator. Also it is notable that dairy sector has gained prominence over the years as it delivers one of the most important food product i. e. Milk and its by-products without which it is really very difficult to live. Thus looking at the current scenario, following things can be analyzed: On the production side: Slow growth in productivity likely to increase demand- supply gap There is a need to promote interventions that would increase production efficiencies. Need to secure availability of fodder and high quality breeds. Promoting entrepreneurship in large herd dairy farming – through PPP. There is increasing interest in Intensive dairy farming – increasing demand & farm gate price. On the demand side: Indian dairy market offers diverse opportunities to tap into. Unique nature of the market requires entrepreneurs to study it carefully before entry. India has the credit of being the largest producer as well as the biggest consumer of milk in the world. It also has the world’s largest dairy herd (comprised of cows and buffalos). In 2010-11, livestock generated output worth INR 2,075 billion (at 2004-05 prices) which comprised 4% of the GDP and 26% of the agricultural GDP. India’s milk production accounts for 16% of total global output. The dairy industry is expected to grow 4-5% per annum. A budgetary outlay of INR 31, 560 Crores is recommended by the working group for 12th Five Year Plan of Planning commission of India for animal husbandry and dairy sector to achieve growth rate of 6%. In the past 20 years, milk production in India has doubled and has reached the 116. 2 million tonnes a year thus becoming India’s No. 1 farm commodity. The current market size of the dairy industry is INR 2. 6 trillion and is estimated to grow up to INR 3. 7 trillion by 2015. The matters relating to livestock production, preservation, protection and improvement of livestock & dairy development comes under Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries of the Ministry of Agriculture, GoI. Value-added products like Whole milk powder, Skimmed milk powder, Condensed milk, Ice cream, Butter and Ghee have immense potential for export. As per the latest statistics of National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), the dairy cooperative network in the country includes 177 milk unions covering 346 districts and over 1, 33,000 village-level societies with a total membership of nearly 14 million farmers. All the statistics given above are indicators of a flourishing dairy sector in India providing suitable opportunities to the industries engaged in the dairy business. India: Milk’s New Horizon A growing population and increased incomes from an economic boom are the driving forces behind a surge in dairy product demand in India. One key to the success of recent consumption trends has been an American standby: the refrigerator. Dairy Demand in an Emerging Economy A new study reports that the demand for milk in India will rise by a compound annual growth rate of about 4% over the next few years (RNCOS, 2012). Research shows that as incomes increase consumption of animal products, specifically milk and dairy products, intensifies (Wenge Fu et al. , 2012). In fact, India’s upturn in demand for dairy products far outweighs the growth in demand for animal products such as meat and eggs. India owes this large demand for milk to its largely vegetarian population. Dairy product demand in India has increased dramatically in both rural and urban sectors. However, as a larger population is emigrating from rural areas to cities an even greater demand may be placed on dairy products. Between 1980 and 2010, India’s level of urbanization increased from 23 to 30 percent of the population. The second largest country in the world, India is projected to grow from 1. 2 billion people in 2010 to just under 1. 7 billion by 2050 with 55% of that population being urban. This increase in buying power allows consumers to purchase durable goods such as refrigerators that enable larger consumption of dairy products than ever before. Moreover, a more urban population also offers the increased opportunity for cultural exchange, leading to increased consumption of meat and dairy products not only in India but across Asia. All of these factors coupled together lead to growing international market opportunities for milk and dairy products in India previously unnoticed in the global dairy industry. India is the world’s largest producer of milk. However, the majority of that milk is buffalo, followed by cow and goat milk as shown in Table 1 (FAOSTAT, 2013). Since 2005, 53% of the fluid milk produced in India has come from buffalo, 43% from cows and 4% from goats. In 2011, India produced 34% more milk than the U. S. up from 19% more in 2005 (Table 2). For dairy cow production, the United States produced 70% more milk in 2011 than India. One study by the OECD-FAO in 2011 suggests that India will have sufficient production to meet demand for milk and its products (excluding butter) through 2020. Nevertheless, as Wenge Fu et al. note, the rapid increase in population and changes in consumption patterns make such estimations difficult. Fluid milk demand is projected to grow at 10. 2% per year, while production is projected to grow by 3. 7% based on 1994 to 2004 growth rates. Competition for land to produce grains and feed products for animal production may limit agricultural growth in all sectors. This pressure on natural resources and its effect on production could lead to a greater reliance on imported dairy products. In the short run, India’s dairy sector is well positioned to accommodate the rapid growth in dairy product consumption. An increasingly urbanized population with a greater disposable income will drive demand leading to opportunities from the global milk market to supply this new generation of Indian consumers. Table 1. India’s Milk Production by Species from 2005 to 2011 in Tonnes (FAOSTAT, 2013) Year Item 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Avg Buffalo Milk (whole, fresh) Production in Tonnes 52,070,000 54,382,000 56,630,000 57,132,000 59,201,000 62,350,000 62,350,000 % of total production 54% 55% 54% 53% 53% 53% 52% 53% Cow Milk (whole, fresh) Production in Tonnes 39,759,000 41,148,000 44,601,000 47,006,000 47,825,000 49,960,000 52,500,000 % of total production 42% 41% 42% 43% 43% 43% 44% 43% Goat Milk (whole, fresh) Production in Tonnes 3,790,000 3,818,000 4,481,000 4,478,000 4,467,000 4,594,000 4,594,000 % of total production 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% Total Production in Tonnes 95,619,000 99,348,000 105,712,000 108,616,000 111,493,000 116,904,000 119,444,000 Table 2. Milk Production in India and the United States from 2005 to 2011 (FAOSTAT, 2013) Year Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 All Milk Production in Tonnes India 95,619,000 99,348,000 105,712,000 108,616,000 111,493,000 116,904,000 119,444,000 USA 80,254,500 82,463,000 84,189,100 86,177,400 85,880,500 87,474,400 89,015,200 % Difference between India and U. S. 19% 20% 26% 26% 30% 34% 34% Cow Milk Production in Tonnes India 39,759,000 41,148,000 44,601,000 47,006,000 47,825,000 49,960,000 52,500,000 USA 80,254,500 82,463,000 84,189,100 86,177,400 85,880,500 87,474,400 89,015,200 % Difference between U. S. and India 102% 100% 89% 83% 80% 75% 70% As we have already seen how the production of milk and its consumption have increased over the past decade thus the problem of it distribution and availability also arises. This brings the problem of Effective distribution channel into light. For the same purpose the study has been undertaken in order to Measure the Effectiveness of the Distribution System of Baroda Dairy. Introduction to Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. The GCMMF is the largest food products marketing organisation of India. It is the apex organisation of the Dairy Cooperatives of Gujarat. Over the last five and a half decades, Dairy Cooperatives in Gujarat have created an economic network that links more than 3. 1 million village milk producers with millions of consumers in India. The cooperatives collect on an average 9. 4 million litres of milk per day from their producer members, more than 70% of whom are small, marginal farmers and landless labourers and include a sizeable population of tribal folk and people belonging to the scheduled castes. The turnover of GCMMF (AMUL) during 2010–11 was 97. 74 billion (US$1. 7 billion). It markets the products, produced by the district milk unions in 30 dairy plants. The farmers of Gujarat own the largest state of the art dairy plant in Asia – Mother Dairy, Gandhinagar, Gujarat – which can handle 3. 0 million litres of milk per day and process 160 MTs of milk powder daily. GCMMF is a unique organization which is created by farmers, managed by competent professionals serving a very competitive and challenging consumer market. It is a true testimony of synergistic national development through the practice of modern management methods. GCMMF Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), is India’s largest food product marketing organisation with annual turnover (2012-13) US$ 2. 54 billion. Its daily milk procurement is approx 13 million lit per day from 16914 village milk cooperative societies, 17 member unions covering 24 districts, and 3. 18 million milk producer members. It is the Apex organisation of the Dairy Cooperatives of Gujarat, popularly known as ‘AMUL’, which aims to provide remunerative returns to the farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money. Its success has not only been emulated in India but serves as a model for rest of the World. It is exclusive marketing organisation of ‘Amul’ and ‘Sagar’ branded products. It operates through 48 Sales Offices and has a dealer network of 5000 dealers and 10 lakh retailers, one of the largest such networks in India. Its product range comprises milk, milk powder, health beverages, ghee, butter, cheese, Pizza cheese, Ice-cream, Paneer, chocolates, and traditional Indian sweets, etc. GCMMF is India’s largest exporter of Dairy Products. It has been accorded a â€Å"Trading House† status. Many of our products are available in USA, Gulf Countries, Singapore, The Philippines, Japan, China and Australia. GCMMF has received the APEDA Award from Government of India for Excellence in Dairy Product Exports for the last 13 years. For the year 2009-10, GCMMF has been awarded â€Å"Golden Trophy† for its outstanding export performance and contribution in dairy products sector by APEDA. For its consistent adherence to quality, customer focus and dependability, GCMMF has received numerous awards and accolades over the years. It received the Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award in1999 in Best of All Category. In 2002 GCMMF bagged India’s Most Respected Company Award instituted by Business World. In 2003, it was awarded the The IMC Ramkrishna Bajaj National Quality Award – 2003 for adopting noteworthy quality management practices for logistics and procurement. GCMMF is the first and only Indian organisation to win topmost International Dairy Federation Marketing Award for probiotic ice cream launch in 2007. The Amul brand is not only a product, but also a movement. It is in one way, the representation of the economic freedom of farmers. It has given farmers the courage to dream. To hope. To live. GCMMF – An Overview